Me Pēhea te Whakahaere Kohi Pūtea Maramataka Kōwhiri-Rā (2026)

Ko te kohi pūtea maramataka kōwhiri-rā tētahi o ngā kaupapa kohi pūtea ā-rōpū māmā rawa: ka tāia (ka whakaputaina rānei) e koe he maramataka, ka tono ngā kaitautoko i tētahi rā, ā, ko te utu o ia rā ko tōna ake tau — $3 te 3, $28 te 28. Whakakīia ia tapawhā o te marama 31-rā, kua kohia e koe te $496; whakakīia te tau 2026 katoa, ka eke ki te $5,738. Kāore he rokiroki, kāore he ture haumaru kai, kāore he rahi rōpū iti rawa. E rua ngā mea hei whakaora, hei whakamate rānei: te aroturuki i te tangata nāna i tono ia rā, me te kaua e huri pōhēhē hei rāwhera mā te tāpiri i tētahi tāre taonga. Kei raro nei he ripanga aroturuki tārua-whakapiri.

Koinei hoki tētahi o ngā whiringa kaha-iti i roto i tā mātou kohinga whakaaro kohi pūtea māmā — kāore he mea hei hoko, kāore he mea hei neke, ā, ka whakamārama te tono i a ia anō i te rerenga kōrero kotahi.

Pānuitia tēnei wāhanga. He mōhiohio whānui tēnei, ehara i te tohutohu ā-ture, ā-tāke rānei, ā, e hāngai ana ki Amerika — kei te ture ā-takiwā te nuinga o ngā kōrero e whai ake nei, ā, he tino rerekē ngā ture i waho i Amerika. Ko te mea ka wehe i te kohinga koha i te rāwhera, ko te taonga ka tukuna mā te tūponotanga: i te putanga māmā ka koha noa ngā kaitautoko, kāore he mea ka toa, nō reira ko te tikanga ka kīia e ngā rōpū he kohinga koha. Tāpirihia he taonga ka tāreingia mā te tūponotanga, kua uru koe ki te ture petipeti, e tino rerekē ana i ia takiwā — tirohia ngā kaiwhakahaere petipeti me ngā kaiwhakahaere atawhai o tō takiwā i te tuatahi.

Te tātai: te moni ka kohia e te maramataka kī

Ko te tāpiritanga o ia tau-rā mai i te 1 ki te n ko te n × (n + 1) ÷ 2 — koinā te tauira katoa:

Ko te marama kotahi te wāhanga tūturu — e 365 ngā tono motuhake ka hiahiatia mō te tau katoa, nō reira kīia te $5,738 hei tuanui, kaua hei matapae. Ko ngā rā teitei te kēmu katoa: ko te tapeke o ngā rā 1–15 he $120 noa, ko te tapeke o ngā rā 16–31 he $376.

Whakatauhia tō whāinga mai i te whakakī wāhanga, kaua mai i te tuanui. He tātai whakaatu tēnei, ehara i te kī he pēnei te kohinga o te maramataka noa. Mehemea ka kī te papa 31-rā mai i te 1 ki te 20 ($210) me te 22, te 25, te 28 me te 31 ($106), ka eke ki te $316 — 64% o te tuanui $496. Ko te papa 30-rā kua kī ki taua hōhonutanga anō ka eke ki te $285. Whakahaerehia taua tātai mō tāu ake whakatau pono, ka pānui ai i taua tatauranga.

He tātai anō ngā rerekētanga: e toru ngā kaitono mō ia rā ka kawe i te papa 31-rā ki te $1,488; mēnā ka herea ia tapawhā ki te $20, ka herea te tapeke ki te $430; tekau mā rua ngā tāngata e mau ana i te marama kotahi ka eke ki te tau $5,738.

Pepa, ipurangi rānei

Ka mahi te nuinga o ngā rōpū i ngā mea e rua: he papa ki te wāhi huihui, he whārangi mō te hunga kāore i reira.

Ki te tango moni ā-ringa koe, whakaritea tokorua ki taua mahi: kotahi hei kohi, kotahi hei tuhi, ka haina rāua tahi i te tapeke ā-wiki. Mā taua ture ka karo i te tautohe ka whakamutu i te nuinga o ngā kaupapa kohi pūtea ā-pepa.

Te whakahaere, ā-hipanga

1. Kōwhiria te maramataka me te whāinga. Ko te marama kotahi te tikanga; whakarewatia i te 1, i mua tata rānei, i te wā e tūturu tonu ana te marama. Kōrerohia te tatauranga — he pai ake te “31 tapawhā, $496, kua oti i te 30” i te “tautokona mai koa mātou.”
2. Tuhia te ture tono i te rerenga kōrero kotahi. “Tonoa he rā mā te utu i te tau o taua rā — $1 mō te 1, $31 mō te 31. Ko te tuatahi ki te utu ka riro i a ia te tapawhā.” Mā te rangirua i konei ka puta he tautohe ā muri.
3. Whakataua he aha ka riro i te kaitono. He rawaka tōna ingoa ki te tapawhā; mēnā he mea uara ake, tirohia ngā wāhanga taonga me te tāke kei raro nei.
4. Whakakīia te ripanga aroturuki i mua i tō whakarewa, kaua i muri i ngā tono tekau tuatahi, ā, whakairihia te papa ki te marea — ka hokona te onge.
5. Whakahaerehia hei oma poto. E rua ki te whā ngā wiki. He ruarua ngā wā ka nui ake te kohinga o ngā kaupapa roa; ka memeha kē.
6. Whāia ngā āputa mā te ingoa. I te wiki tuatoru, rārangihia ngā tapawhā kāore anō kia tonoa, ka pātai ai ki ētahi tāngata motuhake — koirā te wāhi ka kī ai ngā rā $20 neke atu. Akiakina anō i ngā haora 48 whakamutunga (“e iwa ngā tapawhā e toe ana”).
7. Katia, whakaputaina te papa kua oti, mihia ō kaitono, ka kī ai i te tapeke i kohia me te wāhi i haere ai.

Te aroturuki i ngā rā kua tonoa, kaua i te raruraru

He ruarua ngā wā ko te moni te hē. Engari ko te whakapono a te tokorua nā rāua tonu te 17.

• Kotahi te ripanga aroturuki, kotahi te rangatira. Kotahi te tangata kua whakaingoatia hei whakatika; ko ētahi atu hei pānui noa.
• Ko te tono, ko te utu. Ehara te “māku te 22” ā-waha i te tono. Puritia mō ngā haora 48 me te wā mutu mārama, kaua rānei e puritia — kīia i mua ko tēhea.
• Whakaūngia ia wiki ki te moni, kaua ki te mahara: me rite te tapeke a te pēke, a te kaitukatuka rānei ki te tapeke o ngā tapawhā kua tohua kua utua. He whakatika rima-meneti te rerekētanga i te Rāmere; i te wiki tuawhā he pakirehua.
• Whakaputaina he papa pānui-anake — he whakaahua o te papa pakitara, he tirohanga tiritahi rānei o te ripanga. Mā te tūnga tūmatanui ka mutu te nuinga o ngā tono takirua, ā, he whakatairanga hoki.
• Kia rite tētahi ture tārua. “Mehemea ka utu te tokorua mō te rā kotahi, ka riro i te tuarua te kōwhiringa tuatahi o ngā tapawhā wātea, te whakahoki moni rānei.”
• Puritia ngā rekoata mō te toru tau neke atu. E tohutohu ana te IRS ko te hunga e whakarite ana i te kohi tahua ā-hapori, e whiwhi ana hoki i te moni, “me pupuri i ngā rekoata oti, tika hoki o ngā meka me ngā āhuatanga katoa e pā ana ki te kohi pūtea me te tuku o aua moni mō te toru tau neke atu” (IRS, Money received through crowdfunding may be taxable).

Tauira ripanga aroturuki tārua-whakapiri

Me pēhea te whakamahi. Tāruatia te paraka kei raro nei. I roto i te ripanga tatau, wehea te kupu ki te tohu ngongo kia puta ai ngā tīwae tūturu; i roto i te tuhinga ka noho hei tūtohi; ina tāia, koinā tō papa pakitara. Mukua ngā rārangi kāore i tō marama (ka mutu ngā marama 30-rā i te 30, ko Pēpuere 2026 i te 28). Tohua te Kua utua ina tae mai te moni anake.

|Rā|Moni|Nā wai i tono|Kua utua|
|---|---|---|---|
|1|$1||☐|
|2|$2||☐|
|3|$3||☐|
|4|$4||☐|
|5|$5||☐|
|6|$6||☐|
|7|$7||☐|
|8|$8||☐|
|9|$9||☐|
|10|$10||☐|
|11|$11||☐|
|12|$12||☐|
|13|$13||☐|
|14|$14||☐|
|15|$15||☐|
|16|$16||☐|
|17|$17||☐|
|18|$18||☐|
|19|$19||☐|
|20|$20||☐|
|21|$21||☐|
|22|$22||☐|
|23|$23||☐|
|24|$24||☐|
|25|$25||☐|
|26|$26||☐|
|27|$27||☐|
|28|$28||☐|
|29|$29||☐|
|30|$30||☐|
|31|$31||☐|
|Tapeke|$496|||

Tāpirihia ngā tīwae Whakapā me te Tikanga mēnā kei te kawe moni ā-ringa koe ki te pēke.

Te rārangi kaua e whitikia: ngā taonga

Ko te kohi pūtea maramataka e koha noa ai ngā kaitautoko, ko te tikanga he kohinga koha, ehara i te kēmu tūponotanga. Tāpirihia he taonga ka tāreingia mai i ngā kaiuru, tērā pea kua waihangatia e koe he rāwhera, kua herea e te ture petipeti ā-takiwā. E toru ngā wāhanga o te whakamātautau tawhito — te taonga, te tūponotanga, me te utu. E tautuhi ana te ture o California he rota “tētahi kaupapa hei tuku, hei tohatoha rānei i te rawa mā te tūponotanga, i waenga i te hunga kua utu, kua oati rānei ki te utu i tētahi mea uara mō te tūponotanga ki te whiwhi i taua rawa … ahakoa ka kīia he rota, he rāwhera, he kaupapa koha rānei” (Cal. Penal Code §319). Mā te utu i tētahi tapawhā mō te tūponotanga ki tētahi taonga, ka pā pea ngā wāhanga e toru.

He rerekē te tikanga o tērā i ia takiwā:

• Ko wai ka āhei ki te whakahaere. I raro i te ture rāwhera o California, ko ngā rōpū kore-huamoni tautika anake ka āhei ki te whakahaere rāwhera, ā, me rēhita ā-tau ki te Department of Justice, me haere hoki te 90% neke atu o ngā moni tapeke ki ngā kaupapa atawhai (Cal. Penal Code §320.5); e kī ana anō te California Attorney General “kua aukatia ngā tāngata takitahi, ngā kamupene me ngā rangapū ki te whai pānga ā-pūtea ki te whakahaere rāwhera” (Cal. DOJ, Raffles). E kī ana anō a Washington “ko te rōpū atawhai pono, rōpū kore-huamoni pono rānei … anake ka whakaaetia ki te whakahaere rāwhera,” ahakoa ka whakaaetia e ia ētahi rāwhera kore-raihana i raro i ngā paepae moni whiwhi kua tautuhia (WSGC Raffles FAQ).
• Te hoko ā-ipurangi. E kī ana te ture o California “kāore e āhei te rāwhera te whakahaere mā te Ipurangi i tētahi āhuatanga, kāore hoki e āhei ngā tikiti rāwhera te hoko, te whakawhiti, te utu rānei mā te Ipurangi” (§320.5). Ko te whakautu a Washington ki taua pātai anō, he “Kāo” (WSGC). I ngā takiwā me ngā here pēnei, koirā te wāhi ka hē ai te maramataka-me-te-taonga ā-ipurangi.
• Te mēra. Ka herea e te ture ā-kāwanatanga te tuku tikiti rota, te tuku pānui, me te tuku utu mō aua mea mā te mēra (18 U.S.C. §1302).

Kāore tētahi o ērā e kī he aha te rārangi mōu — kei tō takiwā, kei te tūnga o tō rōpū, kei ngā meka hoki tērā. Mehemea e hiahia ana koe ki tētahi wāhanga taonga, pātai atu ki tō kaiwhakahaere petipeti, kaiwhakahaere atawhai rānei ā-takiwā i te tuatahi. Ka rere taua pātai taonga-me-te-tūponotanga i roto i ngā whakaaro kete rāwhera me te hokohoko wahangū, mēnā koinā tō ara.

He mea motuhake: ka whakaoho pea te kohi moni mō tētahi kaupapa atawhai (kaua mōu anō) i te rēhitatanga tono koha atawhai ā-takiwā — e hiahia ana a New York kia tukuna he tono ki te Attorney General “i mua i te tono koha” (N.Y. Exec. Law §172), ā, e hiahia ana a California ki te rēhitatanga i roto i ngā rā 30 mai i te whiwhinga rawa tuatahi (Cal. Gov. Code §12585). Tirohia te kaiwhakahaere atawhai o tō takiwā.

Ngā tāke: kaua e oati i tētahi mea

E rua ngā pātai motuhake, e rua e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā meka.

He tāke tō te moni ka riro i a koe? Kei ngā meka. Ko te moni whiwhi tapeke ko “te moni whiwhi katoa mai i ngā puna katoa” mēnā kāore i whakawāteatia (26 U.S.C. §61), engari ka whakawāteatia te uara o te rawa i riro mai i te koha (26 U.S.C. §102(a)). E kī ana ngā aratohu kohi tahua ā-hapori a te IRS ko ngā moni ka hoatu i runga i te “manaaki kore-hiahia, kore-painga … me te kore whiwhi, me te kore tūmanako a ngā kaikoha ki tētahi mea hei utu … tērā pea he koha, nō reira kāore pea e uru ki te moni whiwhi tapeke” (IRS). He kaha te mahi a te “pea” i taua rerenga kōrero — ā, ki te whiwhi ngā kaiuru i tētahi mea whai uara, ka huri te aromātai. Pātai atu ki tētahi tohunga tāke mō ō meka.

Ka taea e ngā kaitautoko te tango tāke? Kaua e kī ki a rātou ka taea. E kī ana te Publication 526 kāore e taea te tango i ngā koha ki ētahi tāngata takitahi, “kāore e taea te tango hei koha atawhai i ngā moni ka utua e koe ki te hoko tikiti rāwhera, tikiti rota rānei,” ā, ina whiwhi koe i tētahi painga, ko te moni anake i runga ake i te uara o taua painga ka taea pea te tango (IRS Pub. 526). Ko te tikanga, me whai rōpū tautika mō te koha ka taea te tango tāke — tirohia te tango koha ina ehara koe i te rōpū kore-huamoni.

Te kohi i te moni

Waihangatia he whārangi Donairo kore utu: ka kōwhiri ngā kaitautoko i tā rātou ake moni, nō reira he $17 noa te 17, ā, ka tae mai ngā utu me te ingoa me te wā mēnā kāore te kaitautoko i kōwhiri kia koha muna — ko tō ripanga aroturuki tono tērā, kua whakaūngia kē. He koha tuku noa anake ka tangohia e Donairo — he koha, kāore he mea ka riro i te kaitautoko hei utu. Ehara i te toa, ehara hoki i te pae rāwhera, nō reira kāore e taea te whakamahi hei utu mō ngā taonga hoko, mō te urunga, mō te tūponotanga ki tētahi taonga: tāpirihia he tāre taonga ki tō maramataka, kāore taua putanga e taea te whakahaere mā Donairo. Ko te utu a Donairo he 1% mō ia koha, ā, ka tukuna atu te tukatuka a PayPal i tōna utu tūturu (ngā utu). Ko tāna e kore e mahi: kāore te whārangi koha e whakanoho i a koe hei rōpū kore-huamoni, kāore e rēhita i a koe hei tono koha i tētahi takiwā, kāore hoki e raihana i te rāwhera, e whakatutuki rānei i ngā here petipeti atawhai. Ka pā tonu aua kawenga.

Kei te kohi moni mōu anō, kaua mō tētahi rōpū? Tirohia me pēhea te whakaae koha hei kaiwaihanga.

Ngā pātai auau

Kotahi anō te whakamaharatanga. He mōhiohio whānui e hāngai ana ki Amerika tēnei, ehara i te tohutohu ā-ture, ā-tāke rānei. He mea whakatakoto ā-takiwā ngā ture petipeti, rāwhera me te tono koha atawhai, ā, ka huri hoki. Mehemea he taonga tō tō maramataka, mehemea rānei kei te kohi moni koe mō tētahi kaupapa, kaua mōu anō, tirohia ngā kaiwhakahaere o tō takiwā me tētahi tohunga i mua i tō whakarewa.

Ngā puna me ētahi atu pānui

He puna Amerikana ēnei — te ture petipeti me te ture atawhai ā-takiwā, me ngā aratohu a te IRS; ki waho i Amerika, tirohia ngā kaiwhakahaere petipeti me ngā kaiwhakahaere atawhai o tō whenua ake.

• Cal. Penal Code §319 (definition of a lottery — prize, chance, consideration)
• Cal. Penal Code §320.5 (eligible nonprofit raffles, annual registration, 90% rule, no internet raffles)
• California Attorney General — Raffles (who may hold a financial interest; registration)
• Washington State Gambling Commission — Raffles FAQ (who may conduct raffles; unlicensed limits; online sales)
• 18 U.S.C. §1302 (mailing lottery tickets, advertisements and payments)
• IRS — Money received through crowdfunding may be taxable (gift treatment; three-year recordkeeping)
• 26 U.S.C. §61 (gross income from whatever source derived)
• 26 U.S.C. §102(a) (gifts excluded from gross income)
• IRS Publication 526, Charitable Contributions (contributions to individuals; raffle and lottery tickets; benefits received)
• N.Y. Executive Law §172 (registration before soliciting charitable contributions)
• Cal. Gov. Code §12585 (registration with the Attorney General within 30 days)

He mōhiohio whānui anake — ehara i te tohutohu ā-ture, ā-tāke rānei. He rerekē ngā ture i ia whenua, ka huri hoki; whakaūngia, ka kōrero ai ki tētahi tohunga.